After his skirmishes at Carlisle and Derby, Bonnie Prince Charlie was pursued by the Duke of Cumberland and gave battle with an exhausted army at Culloden on 16 April 1746, where the Jacobite cause was crushed. Charles hid in Scotland with the aid of Highlanders until September 1746, when he escaped back to France. There were bloody reprisals against his supporters and foreign powers abandoned the Jacobite cause, with the court in exile forced to leave France.
With the end of the Jacobite Rebellion, the “Highland Clearances” began in earnest. Regarded by the landlords as necessary improvements to make agriculture viable, the “Clearances” changed the face of the Scottish Highlands forever. In 1750 thousands of Highland Families were evicted from their rented crofts and houses and the land that their families had worked for centuries, never to return.